RUSSIAN FEDERATION: FROM THE FIRST TO SECOND DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

The demographic transition in Russia was accelerated by several social cataclysms during the "Soviet type" modernization.Frequent changes in the timing of births and marriages engendered a mass "abortion culture".Contraceptive devices of poor quality were produced on a limited scale.The Soviet regime promulgated pronatalism and considered contracep

In the Ijjas-Steinhardt cyclic model, the universe passes through phases dominated by radiation, matter, and a dark energy scalar field, with the value of the scale factor increasing with each cycle.Since each cycle terminates in a finite time, it is straightforward Power Banks to calculate the fraction of time that the universe spends in a state f